Yong-Chang Xie

A Review on Pore-Structure-Macro-Mechanical Coupling of Cement-Based Materials under Freeze-Thaw

Freeze–thaw deterioration of cement-based materials is commonly assessed through mass loss, relative dynamic modulus, strength retention, or visual scaling, yet these macroscopic responses are downstream manifestations of processes that originate in a heterogeneous and evolving pore system. This critical narrative revi...