Multidimensional Analysis of the Population–Land–Economic Vitality Nexus: Coordination, Decoupling, Efficiency, and Development Typologies in the Jinan Metropolitan Area
Under the Yellow River Basin’s strategic imperative of ecological protection and high-quality development, the critical question is whether rapid urbanization’s population agglomeration and land expansion are genuinely aligned with-or increasingly decoupled from-underlying economic vitality. To address this, we constru...