Author

Yan Liang

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Intuitive Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Vulnerable Road Users: An Experimental Study Using Virtual Reality

This research used a VR approach (Meta Quest 3 Headset) to examine the efficiency of different types of symbols displayed by the eHMI of an AV to communicate its intentions to a VRU, and evaluated the effectiveness of the selected symbols.

Ru Li, Derrick G. Watson, Yan Liang et al. · 0 citations

Open access Sep 2026

Effective Communication Between Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians: A Comparative Daytime and Nighttime Experimental Study in Germany and the UK

Effective visual communication is key to improving road safety whenever vulnerable road users (VRUs), e.g., pedestrians and cyclists, interact in daily traffic. The importance of such communication continues to grow as higher levels of automation are achieved and fully automated vehicles (AVs) become increasingly preva...

Ru Li, Derrick G. Watson, Jonas Bix et al. · Applied Sciences · 0 citations