Kinematic Modelling and Virtual-Prototype Analysis of a Modular 3-UPU Hybrid Serial–Parallel Manipulator
Kinematic modelling is essential for evaluating hybrid manipulators that require both stiffness and spatial adaptability. This paper proposes a modular 3-UPU (universal joint–prismatic joint–universal joint) hybrid serial–parallel manipulator for confined-space tool operations, with offshore jacket tubular-joint mainte...