Dynamic Estimation of Representative Backsheet Temperature for Rooftop Photovoltaic Modules Under Extreme Heat: Thermal Inertia, Temporal Resolution, and Machine Learning
Accurate module-temperature estimation supports assessment of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, but minute-scale meteorological fluctuations and thermal memory challenge steady-state models. This study used 44,638 synchronized one-minute records from a rooftop PV platform in Chongqing, China, during August 2025. The r...