A Hybrid Metaheuristics Based on an Improved Set-Based Particle Swarm Optimization and a Self-Organizing Map for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
A hybrid metaheuristic is proposed, termed SPSOM-CVRP, which integrates an improved set-based particle swarm optimization (SPSO) with a self-organizing map (SOM), which is responsible for constructing feasible CVRP solutions and performs route-level refinement to improve solution quality.