Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of immunotherapy resistance in esophageal cancer
Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has transformed the treatment landscape for advanced esophageal cancer (EC). Nevertheless, clinical benefits are constrained by primary and acquired resistance driven by a dynamic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), extensive metabolic reprogr...
Y. Pang, Pan-Pan Jiang, Ke Liu et al.
· Frontiers in Immunology · 0 citations