Piezoelectric-bioactive coupling of PVDF and hydroxyapatite for enhancing the interfacial bioactivity and osteogenic potential of the 3D-printed polyurethane scaffolds.
The shortage and high cost of autologous bone grafts have created an urgent need to the development of biocompatible materials for bone defect repair. Bone is a natural piezoelectric tissue that generates electrical stimulation to induce osteogenic differentiation. However, most biodegradable polymers lack inherent pie...