Generative AI-enabled neoantigen vaccine engineering: From tumor antigen discovery to personalized construct design and translational validation.
How generative AI may broaden the computational scope of tumor-anchored antigen discovery, support tumor-context-integrated optimization of neoantigen candidates, facilitate the engineering of multi-epitope and mRNA vaccine constructs, and incorporate tumor-specific constraints such as antigen-presentation defects, clonal architecture, and the state of the tumor immune microenvironment is discussed.