The vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) underpins distribution and field-service operations, yet most multi-objective treatments optimise only fleet size and travelled distance, and rely on generic evolutionary operators that struggle to move the discrete, rugged fleet-size axis. We study a three-objectiv...
Zhi-Jun Pan, Jia-Ling Zhao, W. Bai et al.· International Journal of Ind...· 0 citations
Chinese ancient architecture embodies China’s cultural heritage but remains challenging to classify because of spatially dispersed key components, high inter-class similarity, and multi-scale visual characteristics. To address these challenges, we propose BDM-ViT, an improved Vision Transformer model based on the Inc...
This work formalizes feature recommendation as a causal targeting-policy problem: rank students by the estimated conditional average treatment effect (CATE) of a feature and recommend to the top of the ranking, proving causal top-CATE targeting maximizes policy value at any budget and weakly dominates predictive (outco...
Yan-Fen Huang, Lin Wang, Wei-Hua Bai et al.· Electronics· 0 citations
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