Colorectal cancer cell-derived arginine drives SMS-mediated spermine synthesis and PI3K-AKT-mTOR-dependent M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages
Colorectal cancer (CRC) often exhibits severe tolerance to immunotherapy due to the highly immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), with the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward the pro-tumor M2 phenotype playing a key role. Arginine (Arg), as a core precursor for the synt...