Prospective validation of multimodal risk stratification using clinical and quantitative imaging features for 12-month outcomes after minimally invasive surgery for lumbar disc herniation.
Background Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common spinal disorder leading to chronic low back pain and radiating leg pain. Minimally invasive surgery is the preferred treatment, but postoperative recovery varies significantly, making accurate preoperative prognosis prediction a challenge. Methods This study develop...