Integrating transcriptomics and phenotypic profiling reveals caffeic acid-induced multi-organ developmental toxicity in zebrafish.
Caffeic acid is widely used in food and pharmaceuticals, raising concerns about its aquatic ecotoxicity. Here, we evaluated developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos acutely exposed to caffeic acid. At 120 hpf, the LC₅₀ was 134.3 μg/mL. Subsequent exposures at 0, 40, 80, and 120 μg/mL dose-dependently increased morta...