Benzo[a]pyrene and bisphenol A interact to induce combined pulmonary toxicity through an integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic network.
Widespread atmospheric pollutants such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and bisphenol A (BPA) persistently coexist, yet their combined risks to the respiratory system remain largely overlooked. In this study, C57BL/6J mouse and A549 cell models were employed to investigate the combined pulmonary toxicity induced by BaP and BPA,...