Author

Xiao Xiao

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#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Ceiling of a Task: When Can a Transformer Succeed Without Its Chain of Thought?

Reasoning models generate long chains of thought before they answer, yet it is debated whether the content of these chains does real computational work or is largely decorative. We study this question by viewing a transformer as a shallow circuit. One forward pass through a fixed number of layers has constant depth, so...

Jia-Shu He, Jin-Xuan Fan, Xiao Xiao et al. · 0 citations

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Clarify the User or Verify the World? Uncertainty Routing for Proactive Agents

Tool-using LLM agents must decide not only whether additional information is needed, but also which source can resolve the uncertainty. Existing proactive approaches often specialize in either user clarification or environment verification, without explicitly determining the appropriate information source for each deci...

Zhao-Feng Li, X. Zhang, Xiao Xiao et al. · 0 citations