Xiao-Wei Chu

Routine Blood Biomarkers and CD4⁺ T-Cell States in Atherosclerosis: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework

Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by complex immune responses. Among the involved immune cells, CD4⁺ T cells are closely associated with plaque progression. An imbalance between inflammatory and regulatory T-cell responses can sustain vascular inflammation. However, the relationsh...