Cancer-associated fibroblasts in head and neck tumours: signalling networks and therapeutic implications with insights from vestibular schwannoma
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are heterogeneous stromal cells that influence extracellular matrix (ECM) organisation, tumour-cell state, immunity, and treatment response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This review synthesises evidence on CAF origins and states and on the transforming growth fac...