The Oxidative Stress 3 (OXS3) gene family encodes plant-specific proteins that play crucial roles in abiotic stress tolerance and chromatin remodeling. However, genome-wide identification and characterization of the OXS3 gene family in soybean have not been systematically conducted. Here, we identified 19 GmOXS3 genes from the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis assigned these genes to three subfamilies (I–III). Members within the same subfamily exhibited conserved motif compositions. The promoter regions of GmOXS3 genes contained various cis-acting regulatory elements associated with stress and phytohormone responses. Analysis of transcriptome data revealed that GmOXS3 genes exhibited different expression patterns in various organs. RT-qPCR further confirmed their differential expression under salt and alkaline stresses, with the most pronounced up-regulation observed for GmOXS3-1 and GmOXS3-14 under alkaline stress. Among them, GmOXS3-1 was further characterized, and it negatively regulates alkaline tolerance in soybean hairy roots. These results provide a foundation for elucidating GmOXS3-1-mediated alkaline stress signaling and highlight its potential as a breeding target for improving alkaline tolerance.
Xi Chen, Nai-Ze Mu, Ling-Shan Ren et al.· Agronomy· 0 citations
Plant GH5 family genes function in both cell wall biosynthesis and stress responses. However, comprehensive studies on GH5 genes in the soybean remain limited. Here, we identified 28 GmGH5 genes from the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis assigned these genes to three subfamilies (I–III), with no representatives in subfamily IV. The GmGH5 family harbors 15 conserved motifs, which are largely similar within subfamilies but differ across subfamilies. Additionally, exon–intron structures (2–7 introns) exhibit clade-specific patterns, with members within the same clade sharing similar intron numbers and lengths, whereas distinct clades show some variation. The promoter regions of GmGH5 genes contained various cis-acting regulatory elements associated with stress responses and developmental processes. Transcriptome-based expression profiling revealed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of GmGH5 genes. RT-qPCR further confirmed their differential expression under salt, alkaline, cold, and drought stresses, especially a significant increase in GmGH5-22 expression under salt stress (approximately 22-fold at 6 h, **** p < 0.0001). Furthermore, GmGH5-22 was highly expressed in roots, and transient expression in tobacco leaves showed its peripheral localization, which aligns with its predicted extracellular localization, suggesting that GmGH5-22 is highly likely localized to the cell wall. Overexpression of GmGH5-22 in soybean hairy roots significantly improved tolerance to salt stress. These findings establish a foundation for functional characterization of GmGH5 genes and provide viable targets for molecular breeding to enhance salt tolerance in soybeans.
Xi Chen, Ling-Shan Ren, Nai-Ze Mu et al.· Plants· 0 citations
Abiotic stresses are major constraints on oil crop productivity worldwide, causing significant yield losses and increasingly threatening global edible oil security. These stresses also weaken plant defense capacity, indirectly increasing vulnerability to pests and diseases and challenging the effectiveness of integrated disease management (IDM) systems. Recent advances identify nanoparticles (NPs) as an innovative and signaling regulator tool for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in oil crops through coordinated physiological and molecular regulation. The present review synthesizes current knowledge on NPs applications in major oil‐bearing crops, with emphasis on drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity and temperature extremes. A key innovation is the integration of NPs application strategies with crop‐specific physiological traits, molecular responses, and hormonal and redox signaling networks. We highlight new insights showing that NPs act as active regulators of stress adaptation by stabilizing membranes, maintaining redox homeostasis, activating antioxidant defenses, modulating stress‐responsive gene expression, and interacting with phytohormones and nitric oxide (NO) signaling. By adopting a cross‐crop, cross‐stress framework, the present review moves beyond stress‐ or species‐specific analyses and directly links abiotic stress mitigation to improved plant resilience and IDM robustness. Key research gaps, including limited field validation, uncertainties in optimal dosing and delivery, and insufficient understanding of environmental fate and safety, are identified. Overall, the present review positions NPs‐based strategies as promising complementary tools for sustainable oil crop protection and IDM.
G. Muhae-Ud-Din, G. Smagghe, Yan Wang et al.· Physiologia Plantarum : An I...· 0 citations
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