Enhancing low-temperature nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater through sludge fermentation products and hydraulic retention time optimization: polyhydroxyalkanoate-associated endogenous carbon metabolism.
Low-temperature (15 °C) municipal wastewater treatment is constrained by electron-donor deficiency and slowed microbial kinetics. Within an integrated floc-biofilm sequencing batch reactor under anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic mode, this study investigated the combined effects of sludge fermentation products (SFP) addition an...