Mitochondrial-centric regulatory networks in MASLD: integrating quality control, organelle interactions, and gut-liver communication.
It is highlighted that dysregulated mitophagy and mitochondrial fragmentation promote lipid accumulation and inflammation, whereas the abnormal formation of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) exacerbates calcium overload and oxidative stress, and short-chain fatty acids and bile acids derived from the gut differentially modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics.