Author

Weihao Mao

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2026

Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Power Transfer for Fluid-Antenna LEO Satellite Systems

Emerging technologies including wireless power transfer (WPT), integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), and fluid antennas (FAs), have significantly advanced the capabilities and performance of modern satellite communication systems. This paper investigates an FA-assisted integrated sensing, communication, and power transfer (ISCPT) framework for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks, which operates in two phases: 1) an energy-transfer and target-sensing phase (Phase I), and 2) an information-transmission phase (Phase II). Specifically, in Phase I, a space solar power satellite (SSPS) transmits a dual-functional waveform to simultaneously charge multiple LEO satellites and illuminate a sensing target, while in Phase II, these LEO satellites coordinately serve multiple ground user equipments (UEs) leveraging the harvested energy. We formulate a sum-rate maximization problem subject to the SSPS’s transmit power constraint, LEO satellites’ energy harvesting and sensing requirements, UEs’ information rate demands, and the FAs’ movable regions. To tackle the highly-coupled and non-convex optimization problem, a three-stage alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is proposed, which decomposes it into resource allocation, SSPS-side FA placement, and LEO-side FA placement subproblems. In particular, the resource allocation subproblem is reformulated by adopting the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and semidefinite relaxation (SDR), and is efficiently tackled via the successive convex approximation method. The two FA placement subproblems are addressed leveraging trust-region-based optimization. Simulation results validate the superior performance gains of the proposed algorithm over seven benchmarks and demonstrate that FAs can enhance multi-functional wireless services by adjusting inter-channel diversity according to service types. Notably, a non-trivial trade-off arises among FAs-enabled multi-functional services requiring distinct channel characteristics, as FAs cannot simultaneously provide optimal channel conditions for all services.

Weihao Mao, Yang Lu, Dong Yang et al. · IEEE Journal on Selected Are... · 1 citation

Preprint Jul 2026

Outage-Constrained Environment Division Multiple Access (EDMA) for Pinching-Antenna Systems

Environment division multiple access (EDMA) has emerged as a promising multiple access paradigm, which mitigates inter-user interference by dynamically adjusting pinching antenna (PA) positions to the underlying propagation environment. This paper investigates a multi-user PA-enabled EDMA framework that accounts for probabilistic line-of-sight (LoS) blockages, random non-LoS (NLoS) scattering, and practical inwaveguide attenuation. With the aim of maximizing the total information rate, we formulate a joint PA deployment and power allocation problem subject to statistical rate outage constraints, the transmit power budget, and the feasible deployment region of PAs. We first consider a canonical two-user two-PA scenario and derive closed-form expressions for the outage probabilities, followed by a low-complexity projected gradient descent (PGD)-based algorithm to address the reformulated problem. Then, we extend our design to the general multi-user multi-PA scenario and derive tractable approximations for the outage probabilities by assuming interfering links to be NLoS and applying the Chernoff bounding technique, where a successive convex approximation (SCA)-based algorithm is proposed to handle the resulting nonconvex problem. Simulations validate the superiority of the proposed PA-enabled EDMA design and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Specifically, both the PGD-based algorithm and the SCA-based algorithm achieve near-optimal performance in comparison with the exhaustive search. Furthermore, the PA-enabled EDMA design yields significant performance gains over both PA-enabled and conventional time division multiple access designs.

Weihao Mao, Yang Lu, Yanqing Xu et al. · 0 citations