Effect of Impedance-Guided Fluid Therapy on Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
INTRODUCTION Traditional volumetric assessment methods have limitations in the management of HF. The clinical value of impedance-guided monitoring (including bioelectrical impedance analysis [BIA], lung/thoracic impedance [LI], or intrathoracic impedance monitoring [IIM]) for quantifying extracellular fluid status rema...