Engineered Hierarchical Porosity in Three-Dimensional-Printed Hydrogel Scaffolds Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Chronic Diabetic Wounds.
Unhealing chronic diabetic wounds is a major clinical challenge, as it is rooted in the complex pathological microenvironment, including neuropathy, angiopathy, and chronic inflammation. Traditional treatment methods cannot fundamentally solve these problems. Inspired by outdoor rock climbing, this study developed a mu...