Radiotherapy-induced PD-L1 conversion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: From multidimensional mechanisms to clinical rescue strategies.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a formidable malignancy, with patients harboring programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)-negative tumors frequently exhibiting an "immune desert" phenotype and poor response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Radiotherapy (RT), traditionally utilized for localized cytoreduc...