Walid H. Shalaby

Experimental investigation on the behavior and strengthening of opened joints in stepped reinforced concrete beams using CFRP, steel plates, and NSM reinforcement

This study experimentally investigates the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) stepped beams with opened joints, commonly used in sloping roofs, ramps, and stairs. Unlike conventional beams, stepped beams develop combined axial force and bending moment at the joint, resulting in complex normal and shear str...