Edge Computing Control and Task Assignment in Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks
Integrated Terrestrial–Non-Terrestrial Networks (ITNTN), which combine terrestrial base stations (BSs), High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS), and Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, are key enablers of 6G communication and edge computing (EC) services. However, energy-limited BSs, particularly HAPS and satellites, pose significant sustainability challenges under continuous operation. To address this issue, we propose an on-demand EC server activation framework integrated with intelligent task offloading across ITNTN. A joint optimization problem is formulated to maximize task offloading success while satisfying energy and quality-of-service requirements. To solve it, we propose an online Q-learning policy that adaptively manages task offloading and EC server activation without prior knowledge of traffic dynamics. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves superior task offloading success and energy efficiency compared to online heuristic and offline metaheuristic baselines. These findings highlight the importance of energyaware On-Off EC control for sustainable ITNTN systems.