Rutin (Quercetin-3-rutinoside): A Comprehensive Review of its Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Mechanisms, Molecular Targets, and Therapeutic Potential.
Rutin exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities through multitarget modulation of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and immune pathways, and limitations such as poor bioavailability, variability among experimental studies, and limited clinical validation remain significant challenges.