Objective.
To systematize current trends in the application of AI in diagnostic radiology, to analyze the evidence base, clinical efficacy, and limitations of real implementation, as well as to assess regulatory, ethical, and organizational and economic factors.
Materials and methods.
A descriptive analytical review of publications indexed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and RSCI databases for the period of 2020–2026 was conducted, analyzing the primary directions of AI application in radiology.
Results.
This review presents an analysis of the current state of AI technology application in diagnostic radiology. The main directions of the clinical use of AI systems are examined: detection and classification of paroplasms, quantitative assessment of focal lesions, medical image reconstruction, and generation of structured reports. The evidence base of AI solutions efficacy was analyzed taking into account external validation results. Regulatory requirements, ethical issues, and organizational aspects of integrating AI into radiological practice were discussed. Special attention was paid to the limitations of existing studies and the future prospects for the development of this field.
Conclusion.
AI systems demonstrate significant potential for enhancing the quality and efficiency of diagnostic radiology; however, their clinical value is determined not only by accuracy metrics, but also by their ability to perform reliably in real-world clinical settings, and their compliance with regulatory requirements.
I. Abelskaya, I. V. Nazaranka, A. Razhko et al.· Health and Ecology Issues· 0 citations
Community-acquired pneumonia in children remains one of the leading infectious causes of mortality, its etiological structure is constantly changing. A high proportion of pneumonias with an unspecified pathogen is characteristic of the Republic of Belarus that complicates the rational selection of initial therapy and contributes to the growth of antibiotic resistance.A retrospective cohort study of 485 clinical records of children aged 0 to 17 years with confirmed community-acquired pneumonia was conducted. Bacteriological culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of respiratory tract samples, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM/IgG antibodies to M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae were used for etiologic diagnosis.In 64,9% of cases, the etiology was not identified. Among cases with an established etiology, respiratory viruses predominated in children under 5 years of age (60,9%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae predominated in children aged 10 years and older (78,3%), while in the 5–9 years ago group, no single pathogen showed a clear predominance (M. pneumoniae — 48,1%, respiratory viruses — 29,6%, typical bacteria and mixed infections — 11,1% respectively).The identified age-related pattern, combined with the high proportion of cases with unidentified etiology, allows the proposal of three clinical-therapeutic strategies. In children under 5 years of age, antibiotic use should be limited in the absence of firm indications. In children aged 10–17 years, macrolides are the preferred choice for initial therapy. In the 5–9 years age group, diagnostic investigation is necessary, including mandatory assessment of inflammatory biomarkers and pathogen verification.
E. O. Shcheglova, E. Kozorez, V. M. Mitsura et al.· Medical and Biological Probl...· 0 citations
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