Retrograde Direct Wire Crossing of Stumpless LAD CTO via Ipsilateral Collateral Using Portal Technique and Ping-Pong Guide Catheter
Proximal cap ambiguity in chronic total occlusion (CTO) is associated with increased procedural complexity, lower success rates, longer procedure time and greater use of retrograde approaches. Conventional angiography makes it challenging for interventionists to accurately identify the entry point, easily misdirecting...