Tonsing Kham Suan

Endocrine–Metabolic Regulation during the Transition Period in Dairy Cows: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Diagnostics for Subclinical Mastitis

The transition period, extending approximately from three weeks before to three weeks after calving, is characterised by profound endocrine, metabolic and immune remodelling. The onset of lactation sharply increases nutrient demand while dry-matter intake often lags behind, producing negative energy balance, adipose-ti...