Operational Optimization of Park-and-Ride EV Charging Stations with Day-Night Multi-Class Minimum Charging Guarantees
In recent years, the rapid increase in electric vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the need for cleaner and more reliable charging infrastructure. This study investigates the optimal operation of a Park-and-Ride (P&R) EV charging station equipped with photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS). A model pred...