Conditioned Brownian motion and local equivalence of path ensembles
We study Brownian motion in R^d conditioned so that the time average of a continuous confining potential remains below a fixed level. On every fixed initial time interval, we prove that the conditioned process converges in total variation to the ground-state diffusion associated with a suitable Schr\"odinger operator. We also obtain sharp asymptotics for the probability of the conditioning event, including bounded perturbations of the constraint. The proof is based on a local limit theorem for the corresponding Feynman-Kac measures. Our results extend the previously known one-dimensional quadratic case to arbitrary finite dimension and a broad class of confining potentials, therefore resolving a conjecture of Aurzada, Lifshits and Schickentanz. The presented approach also works when Brownian motion is replaced by suitable reversible Markov processes, including multidimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, CIR processes and continuous-time Markov chains.