Do AI chatbots find what experts would? Effects of model, user role, and sample size on study retrieval for medical questions
Large language model (LLM) chatbots are increasingly used to answer clinical questions with citations to relevant studies, yet the quality of retrieved evidence and factors influencing study selection remain unclear. We evaluated three general-purpose LLM chatbots (Claude Sonnet 5, Gemini 3.1 Pro, and ChatGPT GPT-5.5)...
Qingfang Liu, Qiao Jin, J. Menke et al.
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