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Thomas H. Costello

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#small language model Open access Oct 2026

What beliefs are most debunkable?

Large language models (LLMs) can persuade people to revise their beliefs, but it is unclear which beliefs are most "debunkable," and why. Across three pooled studies, participants (N = 3,341 online U.S. adults) discussed a self-reported conspiracy or other epistemically suspect belief with GPT-4, instructed to debunk i...

Esther Boissin, Thomas H. Costello, David Gertler Rand et al. · 0 citations
#large language models Preprint Open access Aug 2026

Reducing belief in conspiracy theories as they unfold using large language models

The emergence of conspiracy theories in the wake of major events is a significant societal challenge. Here we test whether conversational dialogues with a large language model (LLM) can reduce belief in immediately unfolding conspiracies. In experiments conducted in the days following the July 2024 assassination attemp...

Thomas H. Costello, Nathaniel Rabb, Michael N. Stagnaro et al. · 0 citations

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