Open access
Sep 2026
Intestinal infections establish antigen-specific, long-lived memory CD4+ T cells in the brain and meninges.
The meninges form the border between the brain and periphery and house a rich network of immune cells. Here we show that gastrointestinal challenges (intracellular or extracellular bacteria and parasites) reshape the nature of CD4+ T cells in the dura mater, the outer meningeal layer, changing the dominant polarization...
Aaron Fleming, Karen Neish, Rafael Di Marco-Barros et al.
· Nature Neuroscience · 2 citations