Data augmentation is fundamental to training modern deep vision and multimodal models. While individual methods, such as RandAug, CutMix, Mixup, RandErase, and DropPath, offer strong regularization effects, their combined use has saturated in performance due to overlapping functionalities, and aggressive pixel-level manipulations may disrupt delicate cross-modal alignment. This saturation motivates the search for a new augmentation axis within the embedding space rather than the input space. We introduce Aether, a simple plug-in method that applies diffusion-style random perturbations in the embedding space via controlled alpha-mixing, specifically designed to provide isotropic regularization that remains semantically consistent. Inspired by feature-space perturbations in language models and image degradation in generative pretraining, Aether induces mild yet effective perturbations that smooth the representations without compromising the fine-grained structural information required for strong vision-language encoders. Across diverse architectures and across multiple recognition tasks, Aether delivers consistent gains over the advanced recipe combining CutMix, Mixup, DropPath, and RandAug---a level of improvement rarely observed with modern augmentation alternatives. Notably, Aether demonstrates superior effectiveness in multi-modal alignment, succeeding where traditional pixel-space augmentations fail by providing a stable, isotropic regularization signal that respects the integrity of the high-dimensional feature space.
Hyesong Choi, Daeun Kim, Song Park et al.· 0 citations
Reasoning in large language models unfolds through diverse functional operations, such as problem formulation, goal decomposition, and deduction. Although these operations are explicitly distinguished in text, little is known about how they are geometrically organized in representation spaces. To this end, we investigate whether distinct reasoning operations exhibit corresponding geometric structure in hidden representations. We find that operations are separable in held-out representations, with separability peaking in middle layers, and verify that this structure is not explained by lexical or positional confounds. Across layers, token-wise operation-alignment becomes more distributed over spans, while identical surface tokens are represented differently depending on the operation of its surrounding chunk. Attention-masking interventions further show that operation-aligned representations at chunk onset depend on preceding reasoning context. Consequently, our work demonstrates that language models maintain representational correspondence between linguistic reasoning expressions and their internal geometric structures. Code and project materials are available at https://github.com/naver-ai/beneath-cot.
Seogyeong Jeong, Jaehui Hwang, Dongyoon Han et al.· 0 citations
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