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T. Yılmaz

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Review Jul 2026

Recent advances: effects of variation of additives on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of flame‐retardant polymers

This review provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of flame‐retardant (FR) systems for thermoplastic polymers, with a particular focus on halogen‐free flame retardants (HFFRs) as sustainable alternatives to conventional halogenated compounds. Unlike previous reviews that primarily summarize individual FR classes, this work systematically correlates FR mechanisms with material performance, emphasizing the interplay between additive type, loading level, and polymer matrix. Special attention is given to hydroxide‐based inorganic flame retardants, alongside phosphorus‐ and nitrogen‐based systems, highlighting their synergistic effects in intumescent formulations and their role in reducing flammability while maintaining recyclability. In addition, this review comprehensively evaluates fire‐resistant polymers, including carbonate mineral‐filled systems (e.g. huntite) and wood‐based composites, from both structural and flammability perspectives. A key contribution of this study is the integrated analysis of nanoparticle additives – such as nanoclays, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene (C 60 ) – in enhancing flame retardancy, where their multifunctional roles in improving thermal stability, mechanical performance, and morphological characteristics are critically discussed. Furthermore, this review uniquely consolidates the effects of HFFR additives on physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties, providing a holistic framework for optimizing formulation design. The findings offer practical insights into the development of next‐generation, environmentally friendly FR polymer systems. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

T. Yılmaz, Murat Ates · Polymer international · 0 citations

Review Open access Jul 2026

Knowledge and Awareness of Orthodontic Emergencies Among Dental Students and Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge levels of dental students and graduate dentists regarding orthodontic emergencies and to identify factors independently associated with knowledge. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive survey included fourth- and fifth-year dental students and graduate dentists from dental schools across Türkiye. Data were collected via an online questionnaire with three sections: demographic characteristics, knowledge regarding orthodontic emergencies (0-10 points), and awareness and perceived competence (5-25 points). Data were analysed using parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. Factors independently associated with knowledge level were examined using multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The mean knowledge score of the 460 participants was 7.08 ± 2.31. Participants performed better in basic clinical management but showed significantly lower performance in clinical prioritization and emergency intervention scenarios (p < 0.001). A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between total knowledge score and awareness score (ρ = 0.295, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that awareness score showed the strongest association with knowledge score in the adjusted regression model (β = 0.302, p < 0.001). Graduate dentists had significantly higher knowledge scores than students, whereas male gender was negatively associated with knowledge score. CONCLUSION Although dentists and dental students demonstrated adequate basic management knowledge regarding orthodontic emergencies, they showed important deficiencies in clinical prioritization and decision-making. These findings may identify areas for further curricular evaluation, particularly regarding clinical prioritization and emergency decision-making. Scenario-based and practice-oriented approaches may be considered as evidence-informed options for future educational development; however, their effectiveness should be evaluated in prospective intervention studies.

Kübra Arslan Çarpar, T. Yılmaz · European journal of dental e... · 0 citations