Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Functional responses of understory vegetation to ungulate exclusion in temperate forest ecosystems—a comparative trait-based approach
An extensive exclosure-control experiment examining functional responses of forest understory vegetation revealed that ungulate exclusion favored plant traits associated with herbivory vulnerability and competitive ability, while ungulate access promoted rather disturbance-indicating communities with more acquisitive,...
Alexander Seliger, Jan Zäh, S. Heinrichs et al.
· Annals of Forest Science · 0 citations