Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Integrated Design and Performance of Composite Springs: A Review
Modern engineering increasingly requires lightweight, high-efficiency spring systems to optimise energy use, durability, and packaging within transportation and compact mechanical assemblies. However, composite-spring research remains fragmented across various spring types, material systems, modelling approaches, and m...
Tomás Barbosa da Costa, T. Panzera, A. Ancelotti
· Applied Composite Materials · 0 citations