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Suleiman Alayaydeh

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Open access Jul 2026

FIDIC Contracts, Risk Allocation, and Sustainability in International Construction: Comparative Lessons from Mega Projects

This study examines how FIDIC contracts operate in practice within international construction projects, with particular attention to risk allocation, dispute resolution, and sustainability-related obligations. Although FIDIC forms are designed to provide standardized contractual frameworks, their practical effectiveness may vary depending on the legal, institutional, and project-specific environments in which they are applied. The study adopts a qualitative comparative case study approach based on three selected mega-project contexts: NEOM in Saudi Arabia, Crossrail in the United Kingdom, and the Noor Solar Project in Morocco. These cases were selected to reflect different legal and regulatory environments and to enable comparison across hybrid and common law contexts. The analysis draws on contractual and legal literature, selected judicial authorities, and project-related materials to examine how legal systems, contractual amendments, governance structures, and sustainability requirements influence the practical operation of FIDIC-based contracts.The findings suggest that the effectiveness of FIDIC contracts is shaped less by their formal wording alone than by the context in which they are interpreted and implemented. In particular, legal environment appears to affect the practical operation of dispute-resolution mechanisms, national amendments may significantly alter the standardized operation of FIDIC forms, and sustainability obligations may introduce additional layers of contractual and governance complexity when incorporated into major projects.The study contributes to construction law and project governance literature by offering an integrated legal-comparative discussion of how FIDIC contracts function across selected mega-project environments. It suggests that FIDIC contracts are best understood as structured but context-sensitive frameworks whose practical effectiveness depends on legal setting, institutional support, and project-specific governance conditions.

Hamza Ali, Suleiman Alayaydeh, Mahasen Khalaf et al. · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Crime, Justice, Administration, and the Transformation of Society in the Digital Era

The rapid advancement of digital and communication technologies—particularly the widespread use of social media—has inspired a growing body of interdisciplinary research seeking to understand how technological innovation reshapes social life, institutional practices, and administrative processes. Rather than viewing technology as separate from society, the concept of the digital society positions digital infrastructures, media, and networks as foundational elements of contemporary social organization. Within this perspective, technological systems are understood as deeply embedded in everyday routines, shaping experiences of crime, patterns of victimization, and the ways justice systems operate and are administered. Building on this understanding, the present study examines how the digital society can serve as a conceptual and analytical framework for rethinking criminological inquiry in the twenty-first century. By drawing on insights from sociology, communication studies, administrative sciences, and cultural theory, we argue for an expanded and more adaptive field of digital criminology—one capable of addressing the increasingly complex intersections between technology, deviance, justice, and administration. Adopting this lens allows scholars to move beyond the conventional boundaries of cybercrime research and engage with the wider social, organizational, and political implications of digital transformation.

Dr. Moh'd Mofadi Faleh, Al Maagbeh, Dr. Shadi Meeush D'yab Altarawneh et al. · 0 citations

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