High-Resolution Single-Beam Bathymetry and IHO S-44 Uncertainty Benchmarking for Damaged-Pile Validation at Bullnose Jetty, Lagos, Nigeria
Background: Coastal port infrastructure operates in dynamic tidal environments where seabed change threatens structural safety, yet high-resolution, standard-benchmarked bathymetric validation of damaged and replacement piles is scarce for West-African ports. Objective: To characterise seabed conditions and validate pr...