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Sponsored Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition

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Stephen E. Hill

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#large language models Oct 2026

LLM Hallucination of Citations in Economics Persists With Web‐Enabled Models

ABSTRACT Despite significant advances since 2023 in large language model (LLM) capabilities and the introduction of web‐enabled search functionality, citation hallucination remains a persistent problem in AI‐generated academic content. We test GPT‐4o, DeepSeek V3, web‐enabled GPT‐4o, and web‐enabled GPT‐5.1 across prom...

Joy A. Buchanan, Stephen E. Hill, Olga Shapoval · 0 citations

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