Towards Sustainable Heating: An Energy–Economic–Environmental (3E) Analysis of an Air-to-Water Heat Pump System Integrated with Grid-Connected Photovoltaics for the Southern Romanian Climate
The electrification of residential heating through heat pumps represents one of the central directions of the European energy transition; however, evaluating these systems requires moving beyond classical approaches limited to purely energy-based indicators. This paper proposes an integrated 3E analysis (Energy–Economy...