Cytotoxicity and Bioactivity of Five Hydraulic Silicate Cements in Human Dental Pulp Cells at Different Setting Stages
Introduction and aims Evidence regarding the biological responses of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) to freshly mixed hydraulic silicate cements remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility, mineralisation potential, and immunomodulatory effects of five hydraulic silicate cements (ProRoot MTA, Bio...