Stochastically Perturbed Weights: Ensembles from Deterministic Machine-Learning Weather Models
Stochastically perturbed weights (SPW) is at present a tuning procedure rather than a plug-and-play recipe, and its main failure mode is a coherent whole-field offset that overdisperses the domain mean, and restricting the noise to coarse scales or perturbing the initial conditions each repair part of it.