An AI-Driven Energy-Saving Framework for Multi-Vendor 4G/5G Networks: Predictive Sleep Control for Greener Mobile Operations in Saudi Arabia
The Hierarchical RAN Energy Optimization (HREO) framework is proposed, a three-tier, AI-driven, multi-vendor architecture that converts energy efficiency from a static configuration into a predictive, closed-loop control problem and is localised to Saudi conditions through a temperature-dependent power model and a high-irradiance solar profile.