A Comprehensive Review on Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computing in Internet of Vehicles through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Recent Advances, Key Technologies, and Future Directions
: With the rapid development of fifth generation (5G), 5G-Advanced, edge computing, and early sixth generation (6G) technologies, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is evolving toward highly connected, intelligent, and delay-sensitive transportation services. Nevertheless, ground infrastructure still faces coverage holes, blockage, overloaded roadside units (RSUs), limited backhaul, and weak service continuity in urban canyons, crowded intersections, long highway segments, rural roads, and emergency areas. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide flexible aerial relay, mobile sensing, temporary coverage, and lightweight edge computing support for these scenarios. This survey reviews UAV-assisted IoV from an integrated sensing, communication, and computing (ISCC) perspective. It first summarizes representative air-ground network architectures, including multi-UAV collaboration, vehicle-road-cloud collaborative edge computing, blockchain-supported edge intelligence, ISCC-oriented networking, low-altitude digital twins, and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-assisted networking. It then analyzes key technologies, including task offloading, dynamic resource allocation, low-latency and 6G-enabled communication, UAV endurance optimization, security and privacy protection, and intelligent algorithm-digital twin integration. Different from descriptive summaries, this review emphasizes the coupling among sensing quality, communication reliability