Author

Shuo Liu

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Open access Aug 2026

FGOGNN: An Energy-Efficient and Intelligent Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

A novel cluster-based routing protocol that integrates a Fungal Growth Optimizer for adaptive cluster head (CH) selection and a Graph Neural Network for inter-cluster routing, which demonstrates FGOGNN’s potential for deployment in real-time WSN applications, where energy efficiency and dynamic adaptability are paramount.

Huang-shui Hu, Shuo Liu, Qier Kang et al. · Symmetry · 1 citation