Author

Shuang Zhao

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Review Open access Aug 2026

Developing and validating a digital literacy assessment framework for pre-service physical education teachers: a Delphi-AHP study

Background The digital transformation of education has introduced new demands on the professional competencies of physical education (PE) teachers. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive assessment framework specifically designed for pre-service PE teachers. This study aims to develop a scientifically sound digita...

Shuang Zhao, Guo-Qiang Song, Jiao Wang et al. · Frontiers in Psychology · 0 citations

Review Open access Aug 2026

Digital literacy is associated with digital teaching self-efficacy among pre-service physical education teachers: the indirect roles of professional identity and teaching self-efficacy

Background The digital transformation of education poses new demands on physical education (PE) teachers' professional competencies. Pre-service PE teachers, as the future workforce, may have their digital teaching self-efficacy associated with digital literacy through indirect pathways. Methods Using convenience clust...

Shuang Zhao, Guo-Qiang Song, Ying Xiang et al. · Frontiers in Psychology · 0 citations