Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Comparative efficacy of virtual reality, robotics, and brain–computer interface interventions for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Background Stroke often leads to persistent upper-limb motor impairment, which significantly impairs quality of life. Conventional physical therapy (CPT) has limitations, including insufficient intensity, limited patient engagement, and inadequate feedback. Emerging technologies such as virtual reality (VR), robotics (...
Rui-Chun Pang, Zhi-Yin Hu, Chong-Yang Luo et al.
· Frontiers in Neurology · 0 citations